Islam is built on a foundation of faith (Iman) and practice (Islam). While the Five Pillars of Islam describe the key actions of a Muslim, the Six Articles of Faith outline the core beliefs that every Muslim must hold. These beliefs are not optional—they are essential to being a true follower of Islam. Together, they shape a Muslim’s worldview, guide their behavior, and define their relationship with Allah and creation.
Let’s explore each of the six articles in detail:
1. Belief in Allah (God)
At the heart of Islam is the belief in the absolute oneness of Allah (Tawheed). Muslims believe that Allah is the one true God, who is eternal, all-powerful, all-knowing, and merciful. He has no partners, no children, and nothing is like Him.
This belief influences every aspect of a Muslim’s life, encouraging sincerity, humility, and total submission to God’s will. It also means that worship is reserved for Allah alone, and associating partners with Him (known as shirk) is considered the gravest sin in Islam.
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2. Belief in Angels (Mala’ika)
Muslims believe in the existence of angels—spiritual beings created by Allah from light. Angels do not have free will; they serve and obey Allah without fail. They are not visible to humans, but they play important roles in the unseen world.
Some well-known angels include:
Jibreel (Gabriel): The angel who delivered revelation to the prophets.
Mikaeel (Michael): Responsible for providing sustenance like rain and vegetation.
Israfeel: Will blow the trumpet to signal the Day of Judgment.
Malik and Ridwan: Guardians of Hell and Paradise.
Every person is also assigned two recording angels: one records good deeds, the other bad.
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3. Belief in the Divine Books (Kutub)
Muslims believe that Allah revealed divine scriptures to guide humanity. These books were sent to various prophets over time, and each contained the truth of God’s message.
Major scriptures include:
The Torah (Tawrat): Given to Prophet Musa (Moses).
The Psalms (Zabur): Given to Prophet Dawud (David).
The Gospel (Injeel): Given to Prophet Isa (Jesus).
The Qur’an: Revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and considered the final and complete revelation, preserved in its original form.
Muslims believe that the previous scriptures were altered or lost over time, but the Qur’an remains unchanged and protected as a source of guidance for all of humanity.
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4. Belief in the Prophets (Nabi and Rasul)
Muslims believe that Allah sent prophets to every nation throughout history to guide people to the truth. These prophets were human beings chosen by Allah to deliver His message.
The line of prophets includes figures such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all). Muslims accept them all and make no distinction in their respect or status, although Muhammad (PBUH) is regarded as the final prophet.
Believing in the prophets means respecting their teachings and following their example in living a moral and righteous life.
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5. Belief in the Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyamah)
One of the strongest motivators for a Muslim’s faith and actions is the belief in life after death and the Day of Judgment. Muslims believe that every individual will be resurrected after death and will stand before Allah to be judged based on their beliefs and deeds.
Those who lived righteously and followed Allah’s guidance will be rewarded with Paradise (Jannah), while those who rejected the truth will face punishment in Hell (Jahannam).
This belief encourages accountability, justice, and moral responsibility in this life.
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6. Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar)
Muslims believe in Qadar, which is Allah’s divine will and knowledge of everything that happens. This includes belief that:
Allah knows all things—past, present, and future.
Everything happens by Allah’s will and wisdom.
Humans have free will, but Allah’s knowledge encompasses all choices.
This belief teaches that while we are responsible for our actions, everything occurs according to Allah’s perfect plan. It encourages patience during hardship and gratitude during ease, knowing that nothing happens without purpose.
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Conclusion
The Six Articles of Faith form the foundation of Islamic belief. They provide Muslims with a clear understanding of the nature of God, the unseen world, and the purpose of life. By believing in them, Muslims develop a deep connection with their Creator, live with a sense of accountability, and strive for moral and spiritual excellence.
Understanding these core beliefs is not only essential for Muslims but also helpful for anyone seeking to understand Islam at its heart.